Hi Roger,<div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div style="margin:4px 4px 1px;font:10pt Tahoma"><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; ">I have a quite lot of missing responses, and as you can see in the summary of the results, there are correlations between the “main” effects and the interaction.<span> </span>But you say “not the fixed effect correlation”, so are you referring to a different correlation?</span></p>
</div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I just meant that the specific numbers I gave were those of the correlations between the two variables (cor()). Fixed effect correlations are a somewhat complicated beast, so I wasn't talking about them, but usually when the correlations are high, the fixed effect correlations are high, too.</div>
<div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div style="margin:4px 4px 1px;font:10pt Tahoma"><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; ">I haven’t done the model comparisons yet.<span> </span>You said:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">In any case, since ANOVA are omnibus test, you can get at least that by simple comparing the above model to a model without the interaction or without any of the simple (main) effects (using anova(model1, model2)). Model comparison is robust against collinearity.</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">I find it hard to conceptualize what the model comparisons tell me.<span> </span>What can I conclude if the model with which I got the simple effect differs from a model without the interaction or without any of the simple effects?</font></span></p>
</div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I had a somewhat hard time finding what you did in your code below, but I was thinking that you can just compare the models with and without a simple effect. if the comparison is significant, the simple effect matters. I put up some code that might be generally helpful at <a href="http://hlplab.wordpress.com/2009/12/18/some-r-code-to-understand-the-difference-between-treatment-and-sum-anova-style-coding/">http://hlplab.wordpress.com/2009/12/18/some-r-code-to-understand-the-difference-between-treatment-and-sum-anova-style-coding/</a>, but I didn't have time to clean things up. Let me know what you think.</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div style="margin:4px 4px 1px;font:10pt Tahoma">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">My previous analyses were done with R 2.2.0.<span> </span>I have now updated to 2.10.1 and suddenly, all the coefficients are different, which I find a bit worrying.<span> </span>The p-values are now quite a bit larger, although the new R version doesn’t change any of the conclusions that I can draw from the data.</font></span></p>
</div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>wow. That is worrisome. I'd be interested to hear what other people's experience with R 2.10.1 is. I haven't upgraded yet. </div><div><br></div><div>Btw, I had a quick look at your code below and I have two thoughts:</div>
<div><ul><li>you can treatment code automatically, by saying:</li><ul><li>contrasts(factor) <- contr.treatment(numer_of_levels_of_factor)</li><li>e.g. contrasts(language) <- contr.treatment(2)</li><li>the contrasts() command creates attributes to the variable which regression functions are sensitive to. i.e. if you put a factor into a regression function (such as lmer) the regression will use the contrast-coding specified by contrasts. to see what the contrasts are, simply enter contrasts(factor).</li>
<li>as a matter of fact, treatment coding is the default in R. so, if you just throw in a factor into a regression, R will treatment code it. </li></ul><li>an easy way to create a new variable that contains the contrast coding uses the ifelse statement:</li>
<ul><li>data$LanguageSwedish <- ifelse(data$language == "swe", 1, 0)</li></ul></ul><div>maybe useful?</div><div><br></div><div>Florian</div></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div style="margin:4px 4px 1px;font:10pt Tahoma">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Roger</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> library(lme4)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Loading required package: Matrix</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Loading required package: lattice</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim = read.table("forLME.txt", header=TRUE)<span> </span># open data file</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> head(L2prim) # show first 6 lines</font></span></p><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>LIST PID ITEM language prime score</font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>4<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>7<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>8<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>20<span> </span><span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>22<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>23<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # effect code vars so that they can be interpreted as main effects in ANOVAs</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim$langcent <- scale(as.numeric(L2prim$language)) # effect code language</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim$primecent <- scale(as.numeric(L2prim$prime))<span> </span># effect code prime</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim$PID=as.factor(L2prim$PID)<span> </span># convert subject no to factor</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim$ITEM=as.factor(L2prim$ITEM)<span> </span># convert item no to factor</font></span></p><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> head(L2prim)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>LIST PID ITEM language prime score<span> </span>langcent<span> </span>primecent</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>4<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>7<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>8<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>20<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>22<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>23<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # mixed logit model with variables effect coded (main effects as in ANOVA)</font></span></p><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> primanal=lmer(score ~langcent*primecent + (1|PID) + (1|ITEM), data=L2prim, family = "binomial")</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> summary(primanal)</font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Generalized linear mixed model fit by the Laplace approximation </font></span></p><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Formula: score ~ langcent * primecent + (1 | PID) + (1 | ITEM) </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>Data: L2prim </font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>AIC<span> </span>BIC logLik deviance</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>650.5 677.2 -319.2<span> </span><span> </span>638.5</font></span></p><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Random effects:</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>Groups Name<span> </span>Variance Std.Dev.</font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>ITEM<span> </span>(Intercept) 1.9705<span> </span>1.4037<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>PID<span> </span>(Intercept) 2.2791<span> </span>1.5097<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Number of obs: 632, groups: ITEM, 40; PID, 32</font></span></p><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Fixed effects:</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)<span> </span><span> </span></font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">(Intercept)<span> </span>-1.06339<span> </span>0.37331<span> </span>-2.849 0.004392 ** </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">langcent<span> </span>0.01506<span> </span>0.10822<span> </span>0.139 0.889334<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">primecent<span> </span>0.36986<span> </span>0.11024<span> </span>3.355 0.000793 ***</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">langcent:primecent -0.10630<span> </span>0.10898<span> </span>-0.975 0.329365<span> </span></font></span></p><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">---</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Signif. codes:<span> </span>0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Correlation of Fixed Effects:</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>(Intr) lngcnt prmcnt</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">langcent<span> </span>-0.001<span> </span></font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">primecent<span> </span>-0.028 -0.030<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">lngcnt:prmc<span> </span>0.008 -0.055 -0.008</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # Analysis of simple effect of prime for Swedish (coded as 0)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[,2:3] # Outputs col 2 and 3 (to check no of rows)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>PID ITEM</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>2<span> </span>4</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>2<span> </span>7</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>2<span> </span>8</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>2<span> </span>20</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>2<span> </span>22</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>2<span> </span>23</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">629<span> </span>34<span> </span>35</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">630<span> </span>34<span> </span>36</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">631<span> </span>34<span> </span>37</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">632<span> </span>34<span> </span>38</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # create column for language that is treatment coded</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> x =c(1:632)<span> </span># creates 632 rows of numbers</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> x[1:632] = 0<span> </span># sets the numbers to 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> cbind(L2prim,x)<span> </span># adds the 0s to L2prim</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>LIST PID ITEM language prime score<span> </span>langcent<span> </span>primecent x</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>4<span> </span><span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>7<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>8<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>20<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>22<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>23<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">629<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>35<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>1 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">630<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>36<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">631<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>37<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>1 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">632<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>38<span> </span>eng<span> </span>do<span> </span>0 -0.989767 -0.9742244 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[L2prim[,4] =="swe",9] = 0<span> </span># recodes swe (col 4) into 1 (col 9)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[L2prim[,4] =="eng",9] = 1<span> </span># recodes eng (col 4) into 0 (col 9)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # create column for prime that is treatment coded</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> y =c(1:632)<span> </span># creates 632 rows of numbers</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> y[1:632] = 0<span> </span># sets the numbers to 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> cbind(L2prim,y)<span> </span># adds the 0s to L2prim</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>LIST PID ITEM language prime score<span> </span>langcent<span> </span>primecent V9 y</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>4<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>7<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>8<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>20<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>22<span> </span><span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>23<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">629<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>35<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>1 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">630<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>36<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">631<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>37<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>1 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">632<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>38<span> </span>eng<span> </span>do<span> </span>0 -0.989767 -0.9742244<span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[L2prim[,5] =="do",10] = 1<span> </span># recodes do (col 5) into 1 (col 10)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[L2prim[,5] =="pp",10] = 0<span> </span># recodes pp (col 5) into 0 (col 10)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim$langtreat=as.factor(L2prim$V9) # convert language (v9) into factor</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim$primetreat=as.factor(L2prim$V10) # convert prime (v10) into factor</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[1:20,] # Outputs rows 1-20</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>LIST PID ITEM language prime score<span> </span>langcent<span> </span>primecent V9 V10 langtreat</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>4<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>0<span> </span>1<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>7<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>0<span> </span>1<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>8<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0<span> </span>0<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>20<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0<span> </span>0<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>22<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1<span> </span>0<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>23<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0<span> </span>0<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">20<span> </span>1<span> </span>3<span> </span>10<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1<span> </span>0<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>primetreat</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">20<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # mixed logit model with variables treatment coded</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> primanal=lmer(score ~langtreat*primetreat + (1|PID) + (1|ITEM), data=L2prim, family = "binomial")</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> summary(primanal)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Generalized linear mixed model fit by the Laplace approximation </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Formula: score ~ langtreat * primetreat + (1 | PID) + (1 | ITEM) </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>Data: L2prim </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>AIC<span> </span>BIC logLik deviance</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>650.5 677.2 -319.2<span> </span>638.5</font></span></p><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Random effects:</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>Groups Name<span> </span>Variance Std.Dev.</font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>ITEM<span> </span>(Intercept) 1.9705<span> </span>1.4038<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>PID<span> </span>(Intercept) 2.2791<span> </span>1.5097<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Number of obs: 632, groups: ITEM, 40; PID, 32</font></span></p><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Fixed effects:</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)<span> </span></font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">(Intercept)<span> </span>-0.7790<span> </span>0.4155<span> </span>-1.875<span> </span>0.0608 .</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">langtreat1<span> </span>0.1875<span> </span>0.3022<span> </span>0.621<span> </span>0.5348<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">primetreat1<span> </span>-0.5251<span> </span>0.3100<span> </span>-1.694<span> </span>0.0903 .</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">langtreat1:primetreat1<span> </span>-0.4246<span> </span>0.4354<span> </span>-0.975 <span> </span>0.3294<span> </span></font></span></p>
<div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">---</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Signif. codes:<span> </span>0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Correlation of Fixed Effects:</font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>(Intr) lngtr1 prmtr1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">langtreat1<span> </span>-0.364<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">primetreat1 -0.354<span> </span>0.477<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">lngtrt1:pr1<span> </span>0.262 -0.699 -0.703</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # primetreat is the simple effect of prime on Swedish</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # the sum of the estimates for primetreat and the interaction (0.9497) is the simple effect </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # of prime on English (no z and p values can be calculated)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # Analysis of simple effect of prime for English (coded as 0)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[,2:3] # Outputs col 2 and 3 (to check no of rows)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>PID ITEM</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>2<span> </span>4</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>2<span> </span>7</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>2<span> </span>8</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>2<span> </span>20</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>2<span> </span>22</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>2<span> </span>23</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">629<span> </span>34<span> </span>35</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">630<span> </span>34<span> </span>36</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">631<span> </span>34<span> </span>37</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">632<span> </span>34<span> </span>38</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> x =c(1:632)<span> </span># creates 632 rows of numbers</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> x[1:632] = 0<span> </span># sets the numbers to 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> cbind(L2prim,x)<span> </span># adds the 0s to L2prim</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>LIST PID ITEM language prime score<span> </span>langcent<span> </span>primecent V9 V10 langtreat</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>4<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>0<span> </span>1<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span><span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>7<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>0<span> </span>1<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>8<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0<span> </span>0<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>20<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0<span> </span>0<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>22<span> </span>eng<span> </span><span> </span>pp<span> </span>0 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1<span> </span>0<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>23<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0<span> </span>0<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">629<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>35<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>1 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1<span> </span>0<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">630<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>36<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>0<span> </span>1<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">631<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>37<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>1 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1<span> </span>0<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">632<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>38<span> </span>eng<span> </span>do<span> </span>0 -0.989767 -0.9742244<span> </span>1<span> </span>1<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>primetreat x</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span><span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">629<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">630<span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">631<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">632<span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[L2prim[,4] =="swe",9] = 1<span> </span># recodes swe (col 4) into 1 (col 9)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[L2prim[,4] =="eng",9] = 0<span> </span># recodes eng (col 4) into 0 (col 9)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> y =c(1:632)<span> </span># creates 632 rows of numbers</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> y[1:632] = 0<span> </span># sets the numbers to 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> cbind(L2prim,y)<span> </span># adds the 0s to L2prim</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>LIST PID ITEM language prime score<span> </span>langcent<span> </span>primecent V9 V10 langtreat</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>4<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>1<span> </span>1<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>7<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>1<span> </span>1<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>8<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1<span> </span>0<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>20<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1<span> </span>0 <span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>22<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0<span> </span>0<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>23<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1<span> </span>0<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">629<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>35<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>1 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0<span> </span>0<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">630<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span><span> </span>36<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>1<span> </span>1<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">631<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>37<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>1 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0<span> </span>0<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">632<span> </span>4<span> </span>34<span> </span>38<span> </span>eng<span> </span>do<span> </span>0 -0.989767 -0.9742244<span> </span>0<span> </span>1<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>primetreat y</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span><span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">628<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">629<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">630<span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">631<span> </span>0 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">632<span> </span>1 0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[L2prim[,5] =="do",10] = 1<span> </span># recodes do (col 5) into 1 (col 10)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[L2prim[,5] =="pp",10] = 0<span> </span># recodes pp (col 5) into 0 (col 10)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim$langtreat=as.factor(L2prim$V9)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim$primetreat=as.factor(L2prim$V10)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> L2prim[1:20,] # Outputs rows 1-20</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>LIST PID ITEM language prime score<span> </span>langcent<span> </span>primecent V9 V10 langtreat</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>4<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>1<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>1<span> </span>1<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>7<span> </span>swe<span> </span>do<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740 -0.9742244<span> </span>1<span> </span>1<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>8<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1<span> </span>0<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>20<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1<span> </span>0<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>22<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0<span> </span>0<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>1<span> </span>2<span> </span>23<span> </span>swe<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0<span> </span>1.008740<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>1<span> </span>0<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">20<span> </span>1<span> </span>3<span> </span>10<span> </span>eng<span> </span>pp<span> </span>0 -0.989767<span> </span>1.0248334<span> </span>0<span> </span>0<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>primetreat</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">1<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">2<span> </span>1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">3<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">4<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">5<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">6<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">20<span> </span>0</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> primanal=lmer(score ~langtreat*primetreat + (1|PID) + (1|ITEM), data=L2prim, family = "binomial")</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> summary(primanal)</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Generalized linear mixed model fit by the Laplace approximation </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Formula: score ~ langtreat * primetreat + (1 | PID) + (1 | ITEM) </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>Data: L2prim </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>AIC<span> </span>BIC logLik deviance</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>650.5 677.2 -319.2<span> </span>638.5</font></span></p><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Random effects:</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>Groups Name<span> </span>Variance Std.Dev.</font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>ITEM<span> </span>(Intercept) 1.9705<span> </span>1.4038<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>PID<span> </span>(Intercept) 2.2791<span> </span>1.5097<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Number of obs: 632, groups: ITEM, 40; PID, 32</font></span></p><div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Fixed effects:</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)<span> </span></font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">(Intercept)<span> </span>-0.5915<span> </span>0.4153<span> </span>-1.424 <span> </span>0.15435<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">langtreat1<span> </span>-0.1875<span> </span>0.3022<span> </span>-0.621<span> </span>0.53489<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">primetreat1<span> </span>-0.9496<span> </span>0.3095<span> </span>-3.068<span> </span>0.00215 **</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">langtreat1:primetreat1<span> </span>0.4244<span> </span>0.4354<span> </span>0.975<span> </span>0.32973<span> </span></font></span></p>
<div class="im">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">---</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Signif. codes:<span> </span>0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">Correlation of Fixed Effects:</font></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New"><span> </span>(Intr) lngtr1 prmtr1</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">langtreat1<span> </span>-0.363<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">primetreat1 -0.354<span> </span>0.507<span> </span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">lngtrt1:pr1<span> </span>0.247 -0.699 -0.702</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # primetreat is the simple effect of prime on English</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # the sum of the estimates for primetreat and the interaction (0.5252) is the simple effect </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Courier New">> # of prime on Swedish (no z and p values can be calculated)</font></span></p><div class="im"><br>
<p>
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</p>
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